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<title>Auditory illusion</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Auditory illusion</span></span>

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<p><b>Auditory illusions</b> are <a href="Illusion" title="Illusion">illusions</a> of real sound or outside stimulus.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These false perceptions are the equivalent of an <a href="Optical_illusion" title="Optical illusion">optical illusion</a>: the listener hears either sounds which are not present in the <a href="Stimulus_(physiology)" title="Stimulus (physiology)">stimulus</a>, or sounds that should not be possible given the circumstance on how they were created.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Humans are fairly susceptible to <a href="Illusions" class="mw-redirect" title="Illusions">illusions</a>, despite an innate ability to process complex stimuli. Confirmation bias is believed to be largely responsible for the inaccurate judgments that people make when evaluating information, given that humans typically interpret and recall information that appeals to their own biases.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amongst these misinterpretations, known as illusions, falls the category of auditory illusions. The brain uses multiple senses simultaneously to process information,

spatial information is processed with greater detail and accuracy in vision than in hearing.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-deutsch_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deutsch-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Auditory illusions highlight areas where the <a href="Human_ear" class="mw-redirect" title="Human ear">human ear</a> and <a href="Human_brain" title="Human brain">brain</a>, as organic survival tools, differentiate from perfect <a href="Audio_recording" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio recording">audio receptors</a>; this shows that it is possible for a human being to hear something that is not there and be able to react to the sound they supposedly heard. When someone is experiencing an auditory illusion, their brain is falsely interpreting its surroundings and distorting their perception of the world around them.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Causes">Causes</h2></div>

<p>Many auditory illusions, particularly of music and of speech, result from hearing sound patterns that are highly probable, even though they are heard incorrectly. This is due to the influence of our knowledge and experience of many sounds we have heard.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In order to prevent hearing echo created by perceiving multiple sounds coming from different spaces, the human auditory system relates the sounds as being from one source.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, that does not prevent people from being fooled by auditory illusions. Sounds that are found in words are called embedded sounds, and these sounds are the cause of some auditory illusions. A person's perception of a word can be influenced by the way they see the speaker's mouth move, even if the sound they hear is unchanged.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, if someone is looking at two people saying "far" and "bar", the word they will hear will be determined by who they look at.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If these sounds are played in a loop, the listener will be able to hear different words inside the same sound.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> People with brain damage can be more susceptible to auditory illusions and they can become more common for that person.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_music">In music</h2></div>

<p>Composers have long been using the spatial components of music to alter the overall sound experienced by the listener.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the more common methods of sound synthesis is the use of combination tones. Combination tones are illusions that are not physically present as sound waves, but rather, they are created by one's own neuromechanics.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Purwins,<sup id="cite_ref-purwins_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-purwins-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> auditory illusions have been used effectively by the following: <a href="Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Beethoven</a> (Leonore Overture), <a href="Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg">Berg</a> (<i><a href="Wozzeck" title="Wozzeck">Wozzeck</a></i>), <a href="Ernst_Krenek" title="Ernst Krenek">Krenek</a> (<i>Spiritus Intelligentiae, Sanctus</i>), <a href="Gy%C3%B6rgy_Ligeti" title="György Ligeti">Ligeti</a> (<a href="%C3%89tudes_(Ligeti)" title="Études (Ligeti)">Études</a>), <a href="Violin_Concerto_(Ligeti)" title="Violin Concerto (Ligeti)">Violin Concerto</a>, Double Concerto, for flute, oboe and orchestra), <a href="Arthur_Honegger" title="Arthur Honegger">Honegger</a> (<i><a href="Pacific_231" title="Pacific 231">Pacific 231</a></i>), and <a href="Manfred_Stahnke" title="Manfred Stahnke">Stahnke</a> (Partota 12).

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2></div>

<p>There are a multitude of examples out in the world of auditory illusions. These are examples of some auditory illusions:

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<ul><li><a href="Binaural_beats" class="mw-redirect" title="Binaural beats">Binaural beats</a></li>

<li>The <a href="Constant_spectrum_melody" title="Constant spectrum melody">constant spectrum melody</a></li>

<li><a href="Deutsch's_scale_illusion" title="Deutsch's scale illusion">Deutsch's scale illusion</a></li>

<li><a href="Electronic_voice_phenomenon" title="Electronic voice phenomenon">Electronic voice phenomenon</a>: a special case of auditory pareidolia</li>

<li><a href="Franssen_effect" title="Franssen effect">Franssen effect</a></li>

<li><a href="Glissando_illusion" title="Glissando illusion">Glissando illusion</a></li>

<li><a href="Illusory_continuity_of_tones" title="Illusory continuity of tones">Illusory continuity of tones</a></li>

<li><a href="Illusory_discontinuity" title="Illusory discontinuity">Illusory discontinuity</a></li>

<li>Hearing a <a href="Missing_fundamental" title="Missing fundamental">missing fundamental</a> frequency, given other parts of the <a href="Harmonic_series_(music)" title="Harmonic series (music)">harmonic series</a></li>

<li>Various psychoacoustic tricks of <a href="Lossy_audio_compression" class="mw-redirect" title="Lossy audio compression">lossy audio compression</a></li>

<li><a href="McGurk_effect" title="McGurk effect">McGurk effect</a></li>

<li><a href="Octave_illusion" title="Octave illusion">Octave illusion</a>/Deutsch's high–low illusion</li>

<li>Auditory <a href="Pareidolia" title="Pareidolia">pareidolia</a>: hearing indistinct voices in random noise.</li>

<li>The <a href="Shepard_Tone" class="mw-redirect" title="Shepard Tone">Shepard–Risset tone</a> or scale, and the <a href="Deutsch_tritone_paradox" class="mw-redirect" title="Deutsch tritone paradox">Deutsch tritone paradox</a></li>

<li><a href="Speech-to-song_illusion" title="Speech-to-song illusion">Speech-to-song illusion</a></li>

<li><a href="Yanny_or_Laurel" title="Yanny or Laurel">Yanny or Laurel</a></li></ul>

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<ul><li><a href="Auditory_system" title="Auditory system">Auditory system</a></li>

<li><a href="Barber_pole" class="mw-redirect" title="Barber pole">Barber pole</a> – auditory illusions compared to visual illusions</li>

<li><a href="Diana_Deutsch" title="Diana Deutsch">Diana Deutsch</a></li>

<li><a href="Doppler_effect" title="Doppler effect">Doppler effect</a> – not an illusion, but real physical phenomenon</li>

<li><a href="Holophonics" title="Holophonics">Holophonics</a></li>

<li><a href="Jean-Claude_Risset" title="Jean-Claude Risset">Jean-Claude Risset</a></li>

<li><a href="Musical_acoustics" title="Musical acoustics">Musical acoustics</a></li>

<li><a href="Phantom_rings" class="mw-redirect" title="Phantom rings">Phantom rings</a></li>

<li><a href="Pitch_circularity" title="Pitch circularity">Pitch circularity</a></li>

<li><a href="Psychoacoustics" title="Psychoacoustics">Psychoacoustics</a></li>

<li><a href="Sharawadji_effect" title="Sharawadji effect">Sharawadji effect</a></li>

<li><a href="Tinnitus" title="Tinnitus">Tinnitus</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFScottCole1972" class="citation journal cs1">Scott, Brian L.; Cole, Ronald A. (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1121%2F1.1981302">"Auditory Illusions as Caused by Embedded Sounds"</a>. <i>The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America</i>. <b>51</b> (1A): 112. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1972ASAJ...51R.112S">1972ASAJ...51R.112S</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1121%2F1.1981302">10.1121/1.1981302</a></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/11/091125134655.htm">"Auditory illusion: How our brains can fill in the gaps to create continuous sound"</a>. <i>Science Daily</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 20,</span> 2019</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBrundage2016" class="citation journal cs1">Brundage, Steven (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26385737">"Fooled By FLUENCY: UNDERSTANDING ILLUSIONS AND MISJUDGMENTS IN MUSIC LEARNING"</a>. <i>American Music Teacher</i>. <b>66</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">10–</span>13. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0003-0112">0003-0112</a>. <a href="JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26385737">26385737</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGuttmanGilroyBlake2005" class="citation journal cs1">Guttman, Sharon E.; Gilroy, Lee A.; Blake, Randolph (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1431611">"Hearing What the Eyes See: Auditory Encoding of Visual Temporal Sequences"</a>. <i>Psychological Science</i>. <b>16</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">228–</span>235. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.0956-7976.2005.00808.x">10.1111/j.0956-7976.2005.00808.x</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0956-7976">0956-7976</a>. <a href="JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40064206">40064206</a>. <a href="PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1431611">1431611</a></span>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15733204">15733204</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFO'Callaghan2011" class="citation journal cs1">O'Callaghan, Casey (2011). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41487621">"Lessons from beyond vision (sounds and audition)"</a></span>. <i>Philosophical Studies</i>. <b>153</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">143–</span>160. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11098-010-9652-7">10.1007/s11098-010-9652-7</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0031-8116">0031-8116</a>. <a href="JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41487621">41487621</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:7486290">7486290</a>.</cite></span>

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<cite id="CITEREFMassaro2007" class="citation journal cs1">Massaro, Dominic W., ed. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://deutsch.ucsd.edu/pdf/ben_carson_review_AJP.pdf">"What Are Musical Paradox and Illusion?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>American Journal of Psychology</i>. <b>120</b> (1). University of California, Santa Cruz: 124, 132. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://deutsch.ucsd.edu/pdf/ben_carson_review_AJP.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2022-10-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKAYSER2007" class="citation journal cs1">KAYSER, CHRISTOPH (2007). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24939602">"Listening with your Eyes"</a></span>. <i>Scientific American Mind</i>. <b>18</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">24–</span>29. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fscientificamericanmind0407-24">10.1038/scientificamericanmind0407-24</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1555-2284">1555-2284</a>. <a href="JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24939602">24939602</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDeutsch2019" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Diana_Deutsch" title="Diana Deutsch">Deutsch, D.</a> (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://global.oup.com/academic/product/musical-illusions-and-phantom-words-9780190206833"><i>Musical Illusions and Phantom Words: How Music and Speech Unlock Mysteries of the Brain</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780190206833</bdi>. <a href="LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2018051786">2018051786</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDeutsch2010" class="citation cs2">Deutsch, Diana (2010), <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412972000.n56">"Auditory Illusions"</a></span>, <i>Encyclopedia of Perception</i>, Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc., <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4135%2F9781412972000.n56">10.4135/9781412972000.n56</a>, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-4129-4081-8</bdi><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-11-08</span></span></cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hear.com/useful-knowledge/auditory-illusions/">"Auditory Illusions: How your ears can be fooled"</a>. <i>hear.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-04-19</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iflscience.com/brain/do-you-hear-what-i-hear-amazing-auditory-illusions-explained/">"Do You Hear What I Hear? Amazing Auditory Illusions Explained"</a>. <i>IFLScience</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-04-21</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFScottCole1972" class="citation journal cs1">Scott, Brian L.; Cole, Ronald A. (1972-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asa.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1121/1.1981302">"Auditory Illusions as Caused by Embedded Sounds"</a>. <i>The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America</i>. <b>51</b> (1A): 112. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1972ASAJ...51R.112S">1972ASAJ...51R.112S</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1121%2F1.1981302">10.1121/1.1981302</a></span>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0001-4966">0001-4966</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFFukutakeHattori1998" class="citation journal cs1">Fukutake, Toshio; Hattori, Takamichi (1998-11-01). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://n.neurology.org/content/51/5/1469">"Auditory illusions caused by a small lesion in the right medial geniculate body"</a></span>. <i>Neurology</i>. <b>51</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">1469–</span>1471. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1212%2FWNL.51.5.1469">10.1212/WNL.51.5.1469</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-3878">0028-3878</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9818885">9818885</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:8928159">8928159</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBegault1990" class="citation journal cs1">Begault, Durand R. (1990). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1578465">"The Composition of Auditory Space: Recent Developments in Headphone Music"</a></span>. <i>Leonardo</i>. <b>23</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">45–</span>52. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1578465">10.2307/1578465</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0024-094X">0024-094X</a>. <a href="JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1578465">1578465</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:191375886">191375886</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKendallHaworthCádiz2014" class="citation journal cs1">Kendall, Gary S.; Haworth, Christopher; Cádiz, Rodrigo F. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24265446">"Sound Synthesis with Auditory Distortion Products"</a>. <i>Computer Music Journal</i>. <b>38</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">5–</span>23. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1162%2FCOMJ_a_00265">10.1162/COMJ_a_00265</a></span>. <a href="Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fspo.bbp2372.2012.016">2027/spo.bbp2372.2012.016</a></span>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0148-9267">0148-9267</a>. <a href="JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24265446">24265446</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:15744586">15744586</a>.</cite></span>

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<cite id="CITEREFPurwins2005" class="citation book cs1">Purwins, Hendrik (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ccrma.stanford.edu/~purwins/purwinsPhD.pdf"><i>Profiles of pitch classes circularity of relative pitch and key-experiments, models, computational music analysis, and perspectives</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. pp. <span class="nowrap">110–</span>120. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://ccrma.stanford.edu/~purwins/purwinsPhD.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2022-10-09.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://deutsch.ucsd.edu/psychology/">Diana Deutsch's Web Page</a></li>

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</style><div id="Auditory_illusions37" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Examples</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Binaural_beats" class="mw-redirect" title="Binaural beats">Binaural beats</a></li>

<li><a href="Constant_spectrum_melody" title="Constant spectrum melody">Constant spectrum melody</a></li>

<li><a href="Deutsch's_scale_illusion" title="Deutsch's scale illusion">Deutsch's scale illusion</a></li>

<li><a href="Franssen_effect" title="Franssen effect">Franssen effect</a></li>

<li><a href="Glissando_illusion" title="Glissando illusion">Glissando illusion</a></li>

<li><a href="Illusory_continuity_of_tones" title="Illusory continuity of tones">Illusory continuity of tones</a></li>

<li><a href="Illusory_discontinuity" title="Illusory discontinuity">Illusory discontinuity</a></li>

<li><a href="Lossy_audio_compression" class="mw-redirect" title="Lossy audio compression">Lossy audio compression</a></li>

<li><a href="McGurk_effect" title="McGurk effect">McGurk effect</a></li>

<li><a href="Missing_fundamental" title="Missing fundamental">Missing fundamental</a></li>

<li><a href="Octave_illusion" title="Octave illusion">Octave illusion</a></li>

<li><a href="Jean-Claude_Risset" title="Jean-Claude Risset">Risset's rhythmic effect</a></li>

<li><a href="Shepard_tone" title="Shepard tone">Shepard-Risset tone</a>

<ul><li><a href="Tritone_paradox" title="Tritone paradox">Deutsch tritone paradox</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Speech-to-song_illusion" title="Speech-to-song illusion">Speech-to-song illusion</a></li>

<li><a href="Yanny_or_Laurel" title="Yanny or Laurel">Yanny or Laurel</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Illusion" title="Illusion">Illusion</a></li>

<li><a href="Optical_illusion" title="Optical illusion">Optical illusion</a></li>

<li><a href="Tactile_illusion" title="Tactile illusion">Tactile illusion</a></li>

<li><a href="Time_perception" title="Time perception">Temporal illusion</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Music_psychology177" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Music_psychology177" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Music_psychology" class="mw-redirect" title="Music psychology">Music psychology</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Biomusicology" title="Biomusicology">Biomusicology</a></li>

<li><a href="Cognitive_musicology" title="Cognitive musicology">Cognitive musicology</a></li>

<li><a href="Neuroscience_of_music" title="Neuroscience of music">Cognitive neuroscience of music</a></li>

<li><a href="Culture_in_music_cognition" title="Culture in music cognition">Culture in music cognition</a></li>

<li><a href="Evolutionary_musicology" title="Evolutionary musicology">Evolutionary musicology</a></li>

<li><a href="Psychoacoustics" title="Psychoacoustics">Psychoacoustics</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Absolute_pitch" title="Absolute pitch">Absolute pitch</a></li>

<li><a href="Auditory_imagery" title="Auditory imagery">Auditory imagery</a></li>

<li><a href="Background_music" title="Background music">Background music</a></li>

<li><a href="Consonance_and_dissonance" title="Consonance and dissonance">Consonance and dissonance</a></li>

<li><a href="Deutsch's_scale_illusion" title="Deutsch's scale illusion">Deutsch's scale illusion</a></li>

<li><a href="Earworm" title="Earworm">Earworm</a></li>

<li><a href="Embodied_music_cognition" title="Embodied music cognition">Embodied music cognition</a></li>

<li><a href="Entrainment_(biomusicology)" title="Entrainment (biomusicology)">Entrainment</a></li>

<li><a href="Exercise_and_music" title="Exercise and music">Exercise and music</a></li>

<li><a href="Eye_movement_in_music_reading" title="Eye movement in music reading">Eye movement in music reading</a></li>

<li><a href="Franssen_effect" title="Franssen effect">Franssen effect</a></li>

<li><a href="Generative_theory_of_tonal_music" title="Generative theory of tonal music">Generative theory of tonal music</a></li>

<li><a href="Glissando_illusion" title="Glissando illusion">Glissando illusion</a></li>

<li><a href="Hedonic_music_consumption_model" title="Hedonic music consumption model">Hedonic music consumption model</a></li>

<li><a href="Illusory_continuity_of_tones" title="Illusory continuity of tones">Illusory continuity of tones</a></li>

<li><a href="Levitin_effect" title="Levitin effect">Levitin effect</a></li>

<li><a href="Lipps%E2%80%93Meyer_law" title="Lipps–Meyer law">Lipps–Meyer law</a></li>

<li><a href="Melodic_expectation" title="Melodic expectation">Melodic expectation</a></li>

<li><a href="Melodic_fission" title="Melodic fission">Melodic fission</a></li>

<li><a href="Mozart_effect" title="Mozart effect">Mozart effect</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_and_emotion" title="Music and emotion">Music and emotion</a></li>

<li><a href="Dance" title="Dance">Music and movement</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_in_psychological_operations" title="Music in psychological operations">Music in psychological operations</a></li>

<li><a href="Psychology_of_music_preference" title="Psychology of music preference">Music preference</a></li>

<li><a href="Music-related_memory" title="Music-related memory">Music-related memory</a></li>

<li><a href="Musical_gesture" title="Musical gesture">Musical gesture</a></li>

<li><a href="Musical_semantics" title="Musical semantics">Musical semantics</a></li>

<li><a href="Musical_syntax" title="Musical syntax">Musical syntax</a></li>

<li><a href="Octave_illusion" title="Octave illusion">Octave illusion</a></li>

<li><a href="Relative_pitch" title="Relative pitch">Relative pitch</a></li>

<li><a href="Sharawadji_effect" title="Sharawadji effect">Sharawadji effect</a></li>

<li><a href="Shepard_tone" title="Shepard tone">Shepard tone</a></li>

<li><a href="Speech-to-song_illusion" title="Speech-to-song illusion">Speech-to-song illusion</a></li>

<li><a href="Temporal_dynamics_of_music_and_language" title="Temporal dynamics of music and language">Temporal dynamics of music and language</a></li>

<li><a href="Tonal_memory" title="Tonal memory">Tonal memory</a></li>

<li><a href="Tritone_paradox" title="Tritone paradox">Tritone paradox</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Music-specific_disorders" title="Music-specific disorders">Disorders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Amusia" title="Amusia">Amusia</a></li>

<li><a href="Auditory_arrhythmia" title="Auditory arrhythmia">Auditory arrhythmia</a></li>

<li><a href="Beat_deafness" title="Beat deafness">Beat deafness</a></li>

<li><a href="Musical_hallucinations" title="Musical hallucinations">Musical hallucinations</a></li>

<li><a href="Focal_dystonia" title="Focal dystonia">Musician's dystonia</a></li>

<li><a href="Music-specific_disorders" title="Music-specific disorders">Music-specific disorders</a></li>

<li><a href="Tone_deafness" class="mw-redirect" title="Tone deafness">Tone deafness</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related fields</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aesthetics_of_music" title="Aesthetics of music">Aesthetics of music</a></li>

<li><a href="Bioacoustics" title="Bioacoustics">Bioacoustics</a></li>

<li><a href="Ethnomusicology" title="Ethnomusicology">Ethnomusicology</a></li>

<li><a href="Hearing" title="Hearing">Hearing</a></li>

<li><a href="Melodic_intonation_therapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Melodic intonation therapy">Melodic intonation therapy</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_education" title="Music education">Music education</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_therapy" title="Music therapy">Music therapy</a></li>

<li><a href="Musical_acoustics" title="Musical acoustics">Musical acoustics</a></li>

<li><a href="Musicology" title="Musicology">Musicology</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_therapy" title="Music therapy">Neurologic music therapy</a></li>

<li><a href="Neuronal_encoding_of_sound" class="mw-redirect" title="Neuronal encoding of sound">Neuronal encoding of sound</a></li>

<li><a href="Performance_science" title="Performance science">Performance science</a></li>

<li><a href="Philosophy_of_music" title="Philosophy of music">Philosophy of music</a></li>

<li><a href="Psychoanalysis_and_music" title="Psychoanalysis and music">Psychoanalysis and music</a></li>

<li><a href="Sociomusicology" title="Sociomusicology">Sociomusicology</a></li>

<li><a href="Systematic_musicology" title="Systematic musicology">Systematic musicology</a></li>

<li><a href="Zoomusicology" title="Zoomusicology">Zoomusicology</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Researchers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Jamshed_Bharucha" title="Jamshed Bharucha">Jamshed Bharucha</a></li>

<li><a href="Lola_Cuddy" title="Lola Cuddy">Lola Cuddy</a></li>

<li><a href="Robert_Cutietta" title="Robert Cutietta">Robert Cutietta</a></li>

<li><a href="Jane_W._Davidson" title="Jane W. Davidson">Jane W. Davidson</a></li>

<li><a href="Ir%C3%A8ne_Deli%C3%A8ge" title="Irène Deliège">Irène Deliège</a></li>

<li><a href="Diana_Deutsch" title="Diana Deutsch">Diana Deutsch</a></li>

<li><a href="Tuomas_Eerola" title="Tuomas Eerola">Tuomas Eerola</a></li>

<li><a href="Hauke_Egermann" title="Hauke Egermann">Hauke Egermann</a></li>

<li><a href="Henkjan_Honing" title="Henkjan Honing">Henkjan Honing</a></li>

<li><a href="David_Huron" title="David Huron">David Huron</a></li>

<li><a href="Nina_Kraus" title="Nina Kraus">Nina Kraus</a></li>

<li><a href="Carol_L._Krumhansl" title="Carol L. Krumhansl">Carol L. Krumhansl</a></li>

<li><a href="Fred_Lerdahl" title="Fred Lerdahl">Fred Lerdahl</a></li>

<li><a href="Daniel_Levitin" title="Daniel Levitin">Daniel Levitin</a></li>

<li><a href="Leonard_B._Meyer" title="Leonard B. Meyer">Leonard B. Meyer</a></li>

<li><a href="Max_Friedrich_Meyer" title="Max Friedrich Meyer">Max Friedrich Meyer</a></li>

<li><a href="James_Mursell" title="James Mursell">James Mursell</a></li>

<li><a href="Richard_Parncutt" title="Richard Parncutt">Richard Parncutt</a></li>

<li><a href="Oliver_Sacks" title="Oliver Sacks">Oliver Sacks</a></li>

<li><a href="Carl_Seashore" title="Carl Seashore">Carl Seashore</a></li>

<li><a href="Max_Schoen" title="Max Schoen">Max Schoen</a></li>

<li><a href="Roger_Shepard" title="Roger Shepard">Roger Shepard</a></li>

<li><a href="John_Sloboda" title="John Sloboda">John Sloboda</a></li>

<li><a href="Carl_Stumpf" title="Carl Stumpf">Carl Stumpf</a></li>

<li><a href="William_Forde_Thompson" title="William Forde Thompson">William Forde Thompson</a></li>

<li><a href="Sandra_Trehub" title="Sandra Trehub">Sandra Trehub</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books and journals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Music_Perception" title="Music Perception">Music Perception</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Musicae_Scientiae_(journal)" title="Musicae Scientiae (journal)">Musicae Scientiae (journal)</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Musicophilia" title="Musicophilia">Musicophilia</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Music%2C_Thought%2C_and_Feeling" title="Music, Thought, and Feeling">Music, Thought, and Feeling</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Psychology_of_Music_(journal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychology of Music (journal)">Psychology of Music (journal)</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="The_World_in_Six_Songs" title="The World in Six Songs">The World in Six Songs</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="This_Is_Your_Brain_on_Music" title="This Is Your Brain on Music">This Is Your Brain on Music</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-05-25" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Auditory_illusion&oldid=1292107114">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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